Garmin GPS Tracking System
Hitman
24-7 365 days GPS
$10 Billion Investment
GPS was developed by the Department of Defense primarily for military
purposes at a cost of around 10 billion dollars. The system relies on 24
satellites which orbit the earth twice each day. The distribution of these
near circular orbits is even, such that they provide a uniform net around
the entire surface of the earth. At any location, at any point in time, up to
ten of these satellites may be visible to a receiver of GPS signals.
How Does GPSWork?
The system has three components. There are the 24 satellites, commonly
called satellite vehicles, comprising the space segment. Military bases on
the earth's surface form the control segment tracking the satellites and
checking their performance levels. The user is anyone using GPS.
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Calculating a GPS Position
A GPS receiver calculates its position by a technique called
satellite ranging, which involves measuring the distance between
the GPS receiver and the GPS satellites it is tracking. The range
of the receiver is calculated on an estimate of range rather than a
true range or distance based on measured elapsed transit time.
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The first step in measuring the distance between the GPS receiver
and a satellite requires measuring the time it takes for the signal
to travel from the satellite to the receiver. Once the receiver knows
how much time has elapsed, it multiplies the travel time of the signal
times the speed of light (because the GPS satellite signals travel at the
speed of light, approximately 186,000 miles per second) to compute
the distance. Distance measurements to four satellites are required
to compute a 3-dimensional--latitude, longitude and altitude position.
The accuracy that can be achieved using
GPS depends on the type
of equipment used, the time of observation, and the positions of the
satellites being used to compute positions. In general, recreational
and mapping grade receivers using C/A code without differential
correction are accurate to between 5 and 15 meters.
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